Mature Height/Spread: The height and spread varies depending on the species. Sizes of mature trees range from 4 feet (dwarf forms of mugo pine) to 100 feet (white pine).

Growth Rate: Growth rate varies depending on the species. White pine grows faster than other pine species at 8 to 12 inches per year.

Ornamental Features: Each species brings its own value to the landscape. Pines offer a variety of forms, needle structures, color (from blue to dark green) and texture (from fine to coarse).

Landscape Use: Pines can be used for windbreaks, accent trees or even foundation plantings. They are important not only for their ornamental value in the landscape but also for their commercial value (lumber, Christmas trees, turpentine).

Many problems associated with growing pines can be avoided by carefully preparing a proper planting site.

In general, pine trees grow best in well-drained, fertile soils, but a few species are adaptable to less favorable conditions. Pines should be transplanted with plenty of soil around the roots. Large species are often difficult to transplant because of the deep tap root.

Pruning pines is usually unnecessary, except to remove dead or broken branches.

Mulching around old and new pine trees is beneficial since it reduces water stress and weeds. For more information on mulching and mulch materials.

When fertilizing newly planted trees, use slow- release fertilizers. Care should be taken if quick- release fertilizers are used since roots of young trees are sensitive to overfertilizing. During the second and subsequent years, 2 to 4 pounds of 10-10-10 fertilizer should be applied for every 100 square feet of bed area. For larger trees in open areas, about 2 pounds of 10-10-10 fertilizer can be applied for each inch of trunk diameter of the tree.

Problems: Pines planted around homes can develop several problems. One of the most serious problems is fusiform rust. This fungal disease causes weak places in the trunk, making the tree more likely to break in windstorms. Fusiform swellings look like indentations on the trunk. Sometimes a boring insect gets in these indentations. As it bores, pine pitch, a sticky material, oozes out. Usually, it is best to remove trees with fusiform rust.

Pines also have several insect problems. The most serious is the pine bark beetle, which usually invades weakened trees or those stressed by drought. For more information on this insect, Pine Bark Beetles.

Most people get upset when the needles turn yellow and begin dropping off. In the fall, the dropping of interior needles is natural. But if yellowing occurs, have the tree checked by an expert. For more information on diseases and insects of pine trees, Pine Insects.